Biotechnology: King of Advanced Life Sciences

Metabolic disorders: Find the table below for few important metabolic disorders. Disease Deficiency Taysachs disease HexosaminidaseA Gaucher’s disease N acetyl galactosidase SCID Adenosine deaminase Gout HGPRTase, glucose 6   phosphatase Lesch nyhan’s syndrome HGPRTase Porphyria Uroporphyrinogen III synthase Von Gierke’s disease Glucose 6 phosphatase Pompe’s disease Alpha 1,4 glucosidase Cori's disease Debranching enzyme Alkaptonuria Homogentisate dioxygenase Maple syrup urine Branched chain 1 keto acid dehydrogenase Phenyl ketonuria Phenyl alanine hydroxylase Taysach's disease: Genetic disorder. Deficiency- Hexosaminidase A. Symptoms- Difficulty in sitting and crawling in the initi...

Derived Lipids: These are components obtained by degradation of simple and compound lipids or precursors of them. They contain fatty acids and alcohols, sterols, hydrocarbons and Vit A, D, E, and K (fat soluble vitamins). Fatty acids: Fatty acids are formed by hydrolyzing fats. In natural fats, fatty acids generally contain carbon atoms in even number because they are obtained from 2-carbon units. Fatty acids may contain double bonds (unsaturated) or may not possess any double bonds (saturated). Numbering of carbon atoms start from carboxylic carbon atom. Carbon 2 can be called as  α- carbon. Types of Fatty Acids: Based on structure fatty acids can be classified into: i. Straight chain. ii. Branched chain. iii. Substituted. iv. Cyclic. Straight Chain Fatty Acids: These are again classified into two types based on occurrence of double bond. 1. Saturated 2. Unsaturated Saturated Fatty Acids: These fatty acids occur in both plants and animals. ...

                                Lipids are a heterogeneous group of organic compounds characterized by their dissolvability in nonpolar solvents such as chloroform, ether, and benzene and by their poor solubility in water. Lipids might be polar or nonpolar. Polar lipids have constrained solubility in water since they are amphipathic, i.e., they possess hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions in the similar molecule. Major polar lipid group contain fatty acids, cholesterol, glycerophosphatides, and glycosphingolipids. Very short chain fatty acids and ketone bodies are immediately soluble in water. Nonpolar lipids serve principally as storage and transport forms of lipid and include triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters. Lipids have numerous functions including the following: thermal insulation, energy storage (as triacylglycerol), metabolic fuels, membrane components, hormones, precursors of prostanoids and...